高中英语句子成分分析ppt课件-句子

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1、Different parts of a sentence 概概 念念句子是由词按照一定的语法构造组成的句子是由词按照一定的语法构造组成的.组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语直接和间接宾语、宾语补足语、宾语直接和间接宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分在英语中，普通句子必需有主语部分在英语中，普通句子必需有主语和谓语，表语、宾语和宾语的补足语和谓语，表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如

2、定语和状语是句子的次要成分。和状语是句子的次要成分。句子成分句子成分v主语主语v谓语谓语v表语表语v宾语宾语v宾补宾补v定语定语v状语状语1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语主语主语v主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是是什么或什么或“是谁。普通由名词、代词、是谁。普通由名词、代词、不定代词、不定代词、to do/ doing或相当于名词的或相当于名词的单词或短语来充任，也有从句充任的景象。单词或短语来充任，也有从句充任的景象。大多数主语都在

3、句首。如：讲述大多数主语都在句首。如：讲述“谁谁vJane is good at playing the piano.vShe went out in a hurry.vFour plus four is eight.vTo see is to believe.vSmoking is bad for health.vThe young should respect the old.vWhat he has said is true.v在“There be 句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：vThere are some bottles of milk in the box.v 在个别句型中，主语在

4、整个句子后面，这时前面用it作方式主语。如：v It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick.v It took two workers about three months to build the house.方式主语方式主语方式主语方式主语谓语谓语v谓语用来阐明主语“做什么、“是什么或“怎样样，谓语必需是动词，谓语和主语在“人称和“数两方面必需一致主谓一致。 v简单谓语简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成由动词或动词词组组成vI saw the flag on the top of the hill?vHe loo

5、ked after two orphans孤儿孤儿.v复合谓语复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词由情态动词或助动词 动词动词;vHe can speak English well. vWe have finished the job.系动词系动词1形状系动词be动词 例如： He is a teacher. is与补足语一同阐明主语的身份。 2继续系动词 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总坚持沉默。3表像系动词 seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks

6、 tired. 他看起来很累。 4感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。留意：系动词不用于被动语态.5变化系动词 bee, grow, turn, fall, get, go, e, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。6终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表达“证明，“变成之意例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证明有假。表语表语在系动词后的部分就是表语在系动词后的部分就是表

7、语The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.Who was the first?He is out of condition.The book is what I need.v宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充任，它和谓语动词一同阐明或从句来充任，它和谓语动词一同阐明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。

8、有时，会有双宾语。 宾语宾语v宾语双宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语宾语双宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直直接宾语指物接宾语指物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人.间接宾语可以放在间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必需加直接宾语后面，但必需加to 或或 for。vHe gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语 .please pass me the book. .He bought me some flowers. I like my job. I love you. He wanted to leave here. They enjoyed playing puter ga

9、mes. I believe that they can finish the work in time.宾语补足语宾语补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只需宾语并不在英语的句子中有些句子里只需宾语并不能表达完好的意思，还必需在宾语后面能表达完好的意思，还必需在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才干表达完好的意思。加上宾语的补足语才干表达完好的意思。我们把我们把“宾语宾语补足语合起来称宾语宾语补足语合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个句子的意思。名词、动词、描当于一个句子的意思。名词、动词、描画词、副词、介词短语、不定式、如今画词、副词、介词短语、不定式、如今

10、分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语 。vI found the book interesting.vDo you smell something burning?vHe made himself known to them.vShe asked me to lend her a hand.vPlease make yourself at home.vPlease keep the dog out.vWe must keep it a secret.定语定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词。描画词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于描画词的词或短语等都可以充任定语。

11、由于它是修饰名词或代词的，而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语，所以定语的位置很灵敏，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。如：定语定语vHe is a clever boy.vHis father works in a steel work.vThere are 54students in our class.vDo you known Bettys sister?vHe bought some sleeping pills.vThere is a sleeping baby in bed.vHis spoken language is good.vI met a friend on my wa

12、y home.描画词描画词名词名词数数词词名词的一切格名词的一切格动名词动名词如今分词如今分词过去分词过去分词副词副词The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do. Do you know the man who spoke just now?介词短语介词短语不定式不定式状语状语v用于修饰描画词用于修饰描画词,副词副词,动词动词,介词短语或句介词短语或句子子.可表示时间可表示时间,地点地点,缘由缘由,结果结果,目的目的,方式方式,伴随伴随,条件条件,程度程度,退让退让,频率等频率等.vI will be back in a

13、while.vThey are playing on the playground.vHe was late because he got up late.vHe got up so late that I missed the train.vI waited to see you.vHe often went to school by bus.vHis parents died, leaving him an orphan.vPlease call me if it is necessary.vThis book is very interesting.vHe went to school

14、in spite of his illness.vHe always es late to school.例如：v Without his help, we couldnt work it out.v In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.v When I was young, I could swim well.根本句型根本句型v主语主语 系动词系动词 表语主系表表语主系表v主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词 其他成分其他成分v主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语主谓宾宾语主谓宾v主语主语 及物动词及物动词 间接宾

15、语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语v主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 1. I met my friend.主主语语谓谓语语宾宾语语Exercises:分析句子构造分析句子构造 2. I want to be a volunteer.主主语语谓谓语语宾宾语语 3. I am a student .主主语语系系动动词词表表语语 4. I felt happy . 主主语语系系动动词词表表语语 1. We will make our school more beautiful.主主语语谓谓语语谓谓语语宾宾语语宾宾补补练习练习一一.指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成分：指出以下句子划线部分是什

16、么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.S.AttributeO.VAdverbialAttributeVAdverbialv6. His job is to train swimmers.v7. He took many ph

17、otos of the palaces in .v8. There is going to be an American film tonight.v9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.v10. His wish is to bee a scientist.v11. He managed to finish the work in time.v12. Tom came to ask me for advice.v13. He found it important to master English.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicativeVO.AdverbialOO.CPredicative8. I couldnt understand why he had decided to retire at 50. 9. I am terribly confused by all this informatio