英语句子成分详解-句子

上了高中还是会有很多同学不懂句子成分,不会分析句子结构,前面马老师在《英语五种基本句型详解》中讲解了英语的基本句型,今天我们来讲解英语句子成分,如果你能把这两篇文章真正读懂,分析句子结构就基本没有什么问题了。

句子成分是指一个句子中各个不同的组成部分。

1.主语

主语是句子中的叙事主体,用来说明句子讲述的是谁或什么情况。能够做主语的形式通常有:名词(n),代词(pron),数词(num),不定式(to do),动词-ing形式,和主语从句等。

注意:不定式(to do),动词-ing形式,和主语从句做主语,谓语动词通常用单数。

To finish such a task in one month is difficult for him.

Playing with fire is dangerous.

What I have seen at school today has made a deep impression on me.

有时为了保持句子平衡,避免头重脚轻,可以用it做形式主语,真正的主语为不定式(to do),动词-ing形式,和主语从句。

It is important for you to learn English well.

It is a waste of time arguing with him.

It hasn’t been decided yet whether the meeting will be put off.

2.谓语

谓语一般位于主语之后,用来表示主语的动作,特征,行为或状态。通常由动词或动词短语做谓语,并具有各种时态,语态和语气的变化,前面还可以加情态动词或助动词。根据其后是否带有宾语,动词分为及物动词(vt其后直接加宾语),不及物动词(vi其后不能直接加宾语)。

The classroom can hold 50 students.

I worn out after the long journey.

He has finished all the work.

A meeting will be held in our school.

3.表语

表语位于系动词之后,用来表示主语的特征,状态,身份等,构成系表结构。能够做表语的形式通常有:名词(n),代词(pron),数词(num),形容词(adj),副词(adv),不定式(to do),动词-ing形式,动词-ed形式,介词短语和表语从句等。

要搞清楚什么是表语,你需要搞清楚有哪些系动词。

系动词包括:be动词(is, am, are),表示感官的系动词(smell, taste, look, feel等),表示持续的系动词(keep, remain, stay, stand等),表示表像系动词(look, seem, appear等),表示变化的系动词(go, turn, become, grow, get, fall等),表示终止的系动词(turn out, prove)。

To see is to believe.眼见为实。

The apple tastes good.

4.宾语

宾语是动作的承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词之后,可以做宾语的形式有:名词(n),代词(pron),数词(num),不定式(to do),动词-ing形式,和宾语从句等。

He promised to come back early.

He remembered seeing the film.

有些动词后面可以跟双宾语,在《英语五种基本句型详解》一文中已经做过详细讲解,此处不再赘述。

5.宾语补足语

有些及物动词除了接直接宾语外,后面还需对宾语进行补充说明,这种补充说明的成分被成为宾语补足语。能够充当宾语补足语的形式有:名词(n),形容词(adj),副词(adv),介词短语和非谓语动词(不定式(to do),动词-ing形式,动词-ed形式),在《英语五种基本句型详解》一文中已经做过详细讲解,此处不再赘述。

We made him monitor of our class.

He had the machine running all day.

He found everything in good order.

6.定语

定语用来修饰名词(n)或代词(pron),说明其性质或特征。可以用作定语的形式有:形容词(adj),名词(n),代词(pron),数词(num),副词(adv),不定式(to do),动词-ing形式,动词-ed形式,介词短语和定语从句等。单个的词作定语一般放在所修饰词的前面,如果是短语或定语从句作定语,一般放在所修饰词后面。

He is a young man full of imagination.

Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

7.状语

状语通常修饰动词(v),形容词(adj),副词(adv),和整个句子。用来表示事情发生的时间,地点,条件,原因,方式,目的等。可以用作状语的形式有:副词(adv),不定式(to do),动词-ing形式,动词-ed形式,介词短语和状语从句等。

The flower is extremely beautiful.

Great changes have taken place in our school since I left.

If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact me.

8.同位语

同位语用来说明或解释它前面的名词或代词的内容,由名词或名词词组,代词或同位语从句构成。

The mother has two children, a boy and a girl.

He made a suggestion that we should set off at once.

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