英语中句子的成分-句子

英语中句子的成分

英语中句子的成分

了解英语句子中非连续成分的运用无论对于正确理解英语句子的

意思，还是用正确汉语来表达英语句子的意思都是至关重要的。

我们都知道，英语大多数陈述句都采用

SVO

这种线性结构

(linear

structure)

，各成分之间的语法关系是靠语序来体现的，为了准确地表

达句子中各成分之间的语法关系，避免歧义，人们在写英语句子时一

般要遵循相邻原则

(principle

of

adjacency)

，即语法关系密切的两个

成分应处于相邻的位置。但是，在实际运用中有时人们并不遵循这一

原则，两个应该相邻成分之间被其它成分分隔，构成含非连续成分

(discontinuous constituents)

的句式。例如：

⑴A wild yell of jubilation to their surprise, went up suddenly

from two dozen throats and pandemonium of joy ensued.

--F. S. Fitzgerald: The Diamond as Big as the Ritz

⑵But here on the same road you might have seen among

these heavy men a being lithe…

--J. Conrad: Amy Foster

⑶Indeed, if

readers

find

the

introduction hard

going, they

should read just the last section, then plunge into the body of

the book, and return to Chapter I when puzzles arise about the

general nature of the field.

--S. C. Levinson: Pragmatics

⑷As soon as they were gone, Elisabeth walked out to recover

her spirits, or in other words, to dwell, without interpretation on

those subjects that deaden then more.

--J. Austen: Pride and Prejudice

上面几个都是含非连续成分的句子，但非连续成分的构成情况各

不相同。例⑴句子中的主语

A wild yell of jubilation

和谓语

went up

被状语

to

their

surprise

分隔，构成主谓非连续成分，例⑵中谓语动