英语句子成分和结构-句子

会计学第1页/共24页 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主语、 谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 英语的句子成分： 第2页/共24页一．主语 The Subject 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。 ★主语一般在句首。Walls have ears. 名词He will take you to the hospital. 代词Three plus four equals seven. 数词Smoking is not allowed in public places. 动名词To teach them English is my job. 不定式→It is my job to teach them English.★不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型Whether or not they will e depends on the weather.句子第3页/共24页 二.谓语 The Predicate说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语由动词/动词短语构成. 助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。 ★谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。 谓语一般在主语后面。 E.g.We study hard.He looked after his little sister.He can speak English.Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 三.表语 The Predicative第4页/共24页说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、代词、数词、形容词、短语或句子等充当，和系动词一起构成谓语。一般在系动词后面，用来说明主语的性质，特征，状态等.E.g. My father is a professor. 名词Everybody is here. 代词Three times five is fifteen.数词My new puter is expensive.形容词His plan is to seek work in the city. to do不定式My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 　句子 四. 宾语 The Object第5页/共24页表示动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者. 由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”。一般在谓语之后。E.g. He likes Chinese. 　名词We haven‘t seen her for a long time. 代词　　Do you mind opening the window? 动名词Tom likes to sleep in the park. 动词不定式Give me four please. 代词和数词 五.定语 The Attribute 第6页/共24页用来修饰名词或代词, 译为‘‘……的’’由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等充当。定语的位置：定语通常位于被修饰的成分前;不定代词（something/nothing）之后；不定式/分词短语/从句作定语时要放在被修饰的成分后；副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。第7页/共24页They are women workers. 名词Mary is a beautiful girl. 形容词He has three cats. 数词China is a developing country. 现在分词The girl behind the tree is my sister. 介词短语I have nothing to eat. 不定式The boy you will know is Tom. 从句Tom’s father didn’t e home yesterday night. 所有格I met a friend on my way home. 副词 六.状语 The Adverbial第8页/共24页用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、频率、目的等.可用作状语的有副词, 不定式，分词，介词短语，从句等。 E.g. The boy needs a pen very much. 程度状语He always es late to school. 频率状语They are playing on the playgroun