英语中的句子成分-句子

句子成分，是一个单词，短语或者句子在一个整体的大句子里充当的作用。

英语句子成分一共几种呢？请看图：

主语: 动作的发出对象（名词）

举例：

I ate an apple. I 是主语

谓语: 描述动作 （动词）

举例：

He likes math. likes是谓语

宾语: 动作的承受对象（名词）

举例：

She admires the hero. the hero就是宾语

表语: 表明主语的品质、性质、身份、特征和状态，通常在系动词后面。（名词，形容词，地点副词）

举例：

I am a girl. girl是表语

She is smart. smart是表语

I am here. here是表语

定语: 修饰名词。（形容词）

举例：

a handsome boy. handsome是定语

补语: 补充说明主语或者宾语。

举例：

I made him clean the room.

I 是主语，made是谓语，him是宾语，为了意思表达完整，clean the room补充说明him,是宾语补足语。

He was made to clean the room.

主动语态变成被动语态后，相应的宾语变成了主语，所以相应的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语，即to clean the room变成了主语补足语，补充说明He。

在这，补充一个概念——同位语：一句话解释：放在同一个位置上的同一个东西。

举例：

We Chinese people are brave.

Chinese people与We都放在主语的位置上，指代的是同一个群体，所以互为同位关系，后面的Chinese people叫前面We的同位语。

状语: 表示动作发生时候的状态。

分时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步、比较、条件、伴随十类状语。

我用一个短文来帮大家串记：

Tom got up at six o'clock every morning.（时间状语）He worked very hard at school（地点状语）because he was born in a poor family. （原因状语）

He finished his homework (in )the way(that） his teacher taught him（方式状语） in order to（目的状语） get into a good university.

Although（让步状语） sometimes it rained heavily, he was never late for school.

He was not as clever as （比较状语）other people , but he had a strong will.

With his teachers' help,（伴随状语） he never gave up so that （结果状语）he was admitted to a famous university last year.

If possible,（条件状语） he will graduate and go abroad next year.