英语句子成分分析及结构-句子

1

8种基本句子成分：

主语：表句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常在句子前面，充当主语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句、句子等。

. The trees grow very fast.

谓语：说明主语“做什么”“是turn, grow, taste, smell, feel, seem, look, appear, stand, lie, go, e, remain, keep, etc.

附属成分：

但常用的英语句并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称为：定语（用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句）、状语（用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句）

定 语

Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby．

She likes oranges imported from the USA.

John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrations．

Have you seen the book on the desk?

The boy playing over there is my brother.

People there like sports.

状 语

John often came to chat with me．

Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry．

Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.

As he was ill, he didn’t e to class yesterday.

She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.

You’d better stay here.

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独立成分：

句中可以去掉的成份，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成份和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。

感叹词：oh, hello, aha, ah, alas等。 Oh, What is that?

肯定词yes

否定词no

称呼语：称呼人的用语。 e here, John.

插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。

The story, I think, has never e to the end.

情态词: 表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps也许, maybe大概, actually实际上, certainly当然，等。

省略成份:

句中被省略的成份，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示一定的意思：

（You） e here．

（I wish you）Good luck！

Some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggs．

He runs as f